19
Рис. 3.
Wing construction:
1
-
spar -
лонжерон;
2
-
rib -
нервюра;
3
-
stringer -
стрингер
The
spars
are the main structural members of the wing, extending from the fus to
the tip. All the load that is carried by the wing is ultimately taken up by the spars.
Ribs
give the wing section its shape and also transmit the airload from the wing covering to the
spars. They extend from the leading edge to the trailing edge of the wing.
A
complete wing assembly
consists of the surface providing lift for the spt of
the acft, together with the nec flight control surfaces.
Flight Control Surfaces
The
flight control surfaces
are movable
airfoils
designed to change the
attitude of the acft during flt. These surs may be divided into three groups usually
referred to as the primary group, secondary group and auxiliary group.
The
primary gp
includes the ailerons, elevators and rudder. The
ailerons
are
attached to the trailing edge of the wings and control the rolling motion of the acft.
The
elevators
, attached to the horizontal stabilizer, control the climb or descent
(pitching motion). The
rudder
, attached to the vert stblz, determines the horiz dir of
flt (yawing motion).
The ailerons and elevators are generally operated from the cockpit by a
control
stick
or by
wheel and yoke assembly
. The rudder is operated by
foot pedals
.
Included in the
secd gp
are the trim tabs and spring tabs.
Trim tabs
are small
airfoils recessed into the trailing edges of the prim con surs. The purpose of trim tabs
is to enable the pilot to trim out any unbalanced condition which may exist during
flight, without exerting any pressure on the prim controls. Each trim tab is hinged to
its parent prim con sur, but operated by an independent control. The purpose of
spring tabs
is to aid the plt in moving the prim con surs.
Included in the
auxiliary gp
of flt con surs are the wing flaps, spoilers, speed
brakes and slats.
Wing flaps
are used to give the acft extra lift and are hinged to the trailing or
leading edge of the wing.
2
3
1
