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short-circuit conditions. The filler also aids fuse performance by absorbing arc
energy when the fuse clears an overload or short circuit.
When a sustained overload occurs, the element will generate heat at a
faster rate than the heat can be passed to the filler. If the overload persists, the
element will reach its melting point and open. Increasing the applied current
will heat the element faster and cause the fuse to open sooner. Thus, fuses have
an inverse time current characteristic: that is, the greater the overcurrent, the
less time required for the fuse to open the circuit.
This characteristic is desirable because it parallels the characteristics of
conductors, motors, transformers, and other electrical apparatus. These
components can carry low-level overloads for relatively long periods without
damage. However, under high-current conditions, damage can occur quickly.
Because of its inverse time current characteristic, a properly applied fuse can
provide effective protection over a broad current range, from low-level
overloads to high-level short circuits.
Render the following text into Russian
Electricity is the flow of charge around a circuit carrying energy from the
battery (or power supply) to components such as lamps and motors. Electric
current can flow only if a circuit is complete. Electric current flows through
wires from the battery to circuit components and back to the battery again.
The components of the circuit are a battery, wires, a switch and a lamp.
The switch works by breaking the circuit. When the switch is open the circuit is
broken, electricity cannot flow and the lamp is off. With the switch closed the
circuit is complete allowing electricity to flow and the lamp is on.
What is “open circuit”? We say “open circuit” when there is no
connection. “Open circuit” is a break in some part of a circuit (for example a
switch in the open or off position) or a fault (for example a broken wire or
burnt-out component).
What is “short circuit”?
A “short circuit” is a connection with very low resistance such as a wire
which provides a very easy way for current. A short circuit is a fault or wrong
connection.
For example, if the battery leads contact one another, they create a
connection with very low resistance and make a short circuit. Current will flow
though this short circuit instead through the circuit. This stops the circuit
working. Short circuit can be the cause of a fire, because large current flows
through the leads and the battery, and they will become very hot. Voltage and
current (complete circuit) Current can flow when the switch is closed and the
circuit is complete. The lamp is glowing.
