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CHAPTER 1. DESCRIPTION OF SCHEMATIC DIAGRAMS
OF NUCLEAR POWER PLANTS
1.1. DIAGRAMS OF NUCLEAR POWER PLANTS WITH VVER-TYPE
REACTORS
Today nuclear power plants (NPP) with water-water energetic reactors (VVER)
have a double-circuit layout with the generation of saturated or slightly superheated steam,
which is separated and intermediately superheated before entering the turbine. The pres-
sure of the steam generated by the steam generator is pre-conditioned by the level to which
the coolant can be heated in the reactor, and normally reaches 6–7 MPa.
The primary circuit of the plant is intended for the removal of the heat produced in
the reactor and its transfer to the secondary circuit in the steam generator (SG). In addition
to the reactor, steam generators, primary coolant pumps (PCP) and primary circulation
lines (PCL), the primary circuit includes a pressurizer and a primary cleanup system,
which operates under the pressure generated in the primary circuit. The primary circuit
features auxiliary systems, including a makeup and circuit cleanup system, a swept-off gas
system, a control leakage collection system, a reactor water cleanup system etc.
The primary circuit also has a control, safeguarding and safety system that monitors
parameters of the equipment and pipeline status, controls and protects the equipment
against faults in the primary circuit.
The primary circuit of VVER-1000 unit (Fig. 1.1) consists of a VVER reactor and
four circulation loops including a PGV-1000 steam generator, a primary coolant pump,
and primary circulation lines (DN850) connecting all pieces of equipment of the loop to
the reactor. The 3000 MW nuclear fission energy generated in the reactor core is removed
by the coolant heated to 322 °C.
Fig. 1.1. Schematic Diagram of the Primary Circuit of VVER-1000 unit:
1
– Containment (leak-proof container);
2
– Control rods;
3
– Steam generator;
4
– Steam;
5
– Turbine;
6
– Generator;
7
– Transformer;
8
– Power transmission line to end consumers;
9
– Cooling reservoir;
10
– Coolant pump;
11
– Condenser;
12
– Feedwater pump;
13
– Primary coolant pump;
14
– Pressure vessel;
15
– Fuel
